Neuropsychological dimension of schizophrenia - evaluation possibilities and therapeutic implications
Neuropoznawczy wymiar schizofrenii – możliwości oceny oraz implikacje terapeutyczne
REVIEW PAPER Curr Probl Psychiatry 2017; 18(1): 51-61

10.1515/cpp-2017-0005
© 2017 Medical University of Lublin. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonComercial-No Derivs licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/)
Agata Makarewicz1, Hanna Karakuła-Juchnowicz1,2, Łukasz Łobejko1
1 Chair and Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin
2 Department of Clinical Neuropsychiatry, Medical University of Lublin
Abstract
Introduction: In the last decades, researchers' attention has been focused on cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. Numerous studies indicate the existence of neurodegenerative deficits in schizophrenia including, but not limited to, motor functions, learning and memory, executive functions, attention, language, spatial skills and general intelligence.
Method: A review of available literature on the topic of the past two decades, available in the Pubmed, EBSCO, SCOPUS databases has been made using the keywords: schizophrenia, cognition, early intervention.
Results: Cognitive dysfunction is an important feature of the prodromal phase and the first episode of schizophrenia. Researchers have thus proposed to initiate early therapeutic interventions for people with so-called risky mental conditions. The article includes the reference to research on neurocognitive disorders essence in schizophrenia, the definition and review of methods used to identify specific cognitive deficits and issues related to risk of developing psychosis and early therapeutic intervention in high-risk states.
Conclusions: Researchers report the importance of detecting cognitive disorders in the early stages of schizophrenia. This broad-ens the range of therapeutic interventions and enables early intervention in the increased risk of psychosis.
Streszczenie
Wstęp: W ostatnich dziesięcioleciach uwaga badaczy kieruje się na zaburzenia funkcji poznawczych w schizofrenii. Liczne bada-nia wskazują na istnienie deficytów neuropoznawczych w schizofrenii obejmujących m. in. funkcje motoryczne, uczenie się i pamięć, funkcje wykonawcze, uwagę, język, umiejętności przestrzenne i ogólną inteligencję.
Metoda: Dokonano przeglądu dostępnej literatury tematu piśmiennictwa ostatnich dwóch dekad, dostępnego w bazach Pubmed, EBSCO, SCOPUS- przeszukując je za pomocą słów kluczowych: schizophrenia, cognition, early intervention.
Wyniki: Dysfunkcje poznawcze stanowią ważny element obrazu fazy prodromalnej i pierwszego epizodu schizofrenii. Badacze tematu zaproponowali więc podejmowanie wczesnych interwencji terapeutycznych wobec osób z tak zwanym ryzykownym stanem psychicznym. W artykule zawarto przypomnienie badań nad istotą zaburzeń neuropoznawczych w schizofrenii, definicję oraz przegląd metod stosowanych do identyfikacji określonych deficytów poznawczych oraz zagadnienia ryzyka rozwoju psychozy i wczesnej inter-wencji terapeutycznej w stanach wysokiego ryzyka.
Wnioski: Doniesienia badaczy wskazują na istotną wagę detekcji zaburzeń poznawczych w początkowym okresie rozwoju schizo-frenii. Poszerza to wachlarz oddziaływań terapeutycznych i umożliwia wczesną interwencję w stanach zwiększonego ryzyka rozwoju psychozy.
Key words
schizophrenia, cognitive function, early intervention
Słowa kluczowe
schizofrenia, funkcje poznawcze, wczesna interwencja
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