The role of unsaturated fatty acids in depression treatment - international clinical guidelines and recommendation of psychiatric associations / Volume 25 (Yearbook 2024) / Issues / Current Problems of Psychiatry

The role of unsaturated fatty acids in depression treatment - international clinical guidelines and recommendation of psychiatric associations

Znaczenie nienasyconych kwasów tłuszczowych w leczeniu depresji - międzynarodowe wytyczne kliniczne i rekomendacje towarzystw psychiatrycznych

REVIEW PAPER

Curr Probl Psychiatry Vol. 25 (2024), 165-176

10.12923/2353-8627/2024-0016

Kaja Karakuła^1,2 , Agnieszka Banaszek³ , Ryszard Sitarz¹ , Zuzanna Wingralek³ ,
Joanna Rog⁴ , Zuzanna Rząd¹ , Dariusz Juchnowicz⁵ , Hanna Karakuła-Juchnowicz¹

¹ I Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
² Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
³ Student Research Group at the I Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
⁴ Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences Poland
⁵ Department of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, Poland

Full Text

Abstract

Introduction: Nutritional psychiatry examines how diet and specific nutrients affect mental health and well-being. The potential role of polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) has gained significant interest in recent years.

Objective: To review and present guidelines on the use of omega-3 PUFAs in the treatment of MDD and to highlight recommendations from psychiatric associations worldwide.

Method: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using articles from Web of Science, Google Scholar, Medline/ PubMed. The analysis included guidelines and recommendations from psychiatric associations published between 2014 and 2024. Keywords such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, PUFA, nutritional psychiatry, recommendations, guidelines, depressive disorders, and omega-3 were used in the search strategy. Articles in English and Polish were included.

Results: Evidence suggests that omega-3 PUFAs, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (especially EPA), can serve as effective adjunctive treatments in combination with standard antidepressant medications, though they are not recommended as monotherapy. Several psychiatric associations, including the International Society of Nutritional Psychiatry Research (ISNPR), the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP), and the Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatment (CANMAT), have published guidelines supporting the use of n-3 PUFAs in MDD treatment, particularly in specific populations like pregnant women, the elderly, individuals with raised inflammation, with obesity.

Conclusions: The promising findings from multiple studies and the support from scientific psychiatric associations highlight the significant potential of omega-3 PUFAs as a beneficial addition to standard MDD treatments. The growing body of evidence underscores the importance of integrating dietary interventions into mental health care. With continued research and clinical application, n-3 PUFAs could play a crucial role in enhancing treatment outcomes and improving the quality of life for individuals with depressive disorders.

Keywords: polyunsaturated fatty acids, PUFA, nutritional psychiatry, depressive disorders, omega-3 supplementation, clinical guidelines, therapeutic interventions

Streszczenie

Wstęp: Nutripsychiatria zajmuje się oceną wpływu diety i określonych składników odżywczych na zdrowie psychiczne i dobre samopoczucie. Zastosowanie wielonienasyconych kwasów tłuszczowych, a zwłaszcza kwasów tłuszczowych omega-3 (n-3 PUFAs), w leczeniu zaburzeń depresyjnych (MDD) zyskało w ostatnich latach duże zainteresowanie.

Cel: Celem pracy było dokonanie przeglądu wytycznych i zaleceń dotyczących stosowania kwasów omega-3 PUFA w leczeniu MDD przedstawionych przez naukowe towarzystwa psychiatryczne na świecie.

Metoda: Przeprowadzono przegląd literatury, wykorzystując artykuły z Web of Science, Google Scholar, Medline/PubMed. Analiza obejmowała wytyczne i zalecenia Naukowych Towarzystw Psychiatrycznych opublikowane w latach 2014–2024. W strategii wyszukiwania wykorzystano takie słowa kluczowe, jak wielonienasycone kwasy tłuszczowe, PUFA, nutripsychiatria, zalecenia, wytyczne, zaburzenia depresyjne i omega-3. Uwzględniono artykuły w języku angielskim i polskim.

Wyniki: Dowody wskazują, że wielonienasycone kwasy tłuszczowe omega-3, takie jak kwas eikozapentaenowy (EPA) i kwas dokozaheksaenowy (DHA), mogą być skutecznym leczeniem wspomagającym w połączeniu ze standardowymi lekami przeciwdepresyjnymi, chociaż nie zaleca się ich stosowania w monoterapii. International Society of Nutritional Psychiatry Research (ISNPR), World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) i Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatment (CANMAT), opublikowały wytyczne dotyczące stosowania n-3 PUFA w leczeniu MDD, szczególnie w określonych populacjach, takich jak kobiety w ciąży, osoby starsze, osoby z nadmierną masą ciała i podwyższonymi markerami stanu zapalnego.

Wnioski: Obiecujące wyniki wielu badań oraz rekomendacje naukowych towarzystw psychiatrycznych podkreślają znaczący potencjał omega-3 PUFA jako leczenia wspierającego standardowe metody leczenia MDD. Coraz więcej dowodów naukowych podkreśla znaczenie interwencji dietetycznych w terapii zaburzeń psychicznych. Dzięki dalszym badaniom i zastosowaniu klinicznemu, n-3 PUFA mogą odegrać kluczową rolę w poprawie wyników leczenia i jakości życia osób z zaburzeniami depresyjnymi.

Słowa kluczowe: wielonienasycone kwasy tłuszczowe, PUFA, nutripsychiatria, zaburzenia depresyjne, suplementacja omega-3, wytyczne kliniczne, interwencje terapeutyczne

Pliki do pobrania

cpp-2024-0016.pdf

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