Gluten-related disorders and schizophrenia - potential linking mechanisms, diagnostic and therapeutic challenge
Choroby glutenozależne a schizofrenia - potencjalne mechanizmy łączące, możliwości diagnostyczne oraz terapeutyczne
REVIEW PAPER
Curr Probl Psychiatry 2017; 18(1): 9-24
DOI: 10.1515/cpp-2017-0001
© 2017 Medical University of Lublin. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonComercial-No Derivs licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/)
Joanna Tomaka1, Hanna Karakuła-Juchnowicz1,2, Justyna Morylowska-Topolska2,
Michał Dzikowski1, Dariusz Juchnowicz3, Marta Flis1, Aleksandra Siek1, Michał Próchnicki1
1. I Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin
2. Department of Clinical Neuropsychiatry, Medical Universtiy in Lublin
3. Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Medical University of Lublin
Abstract
More and more evidence confirms the theory that the intake of cereal products containing gluten may play an important role in the pathogenesis of many diseases. There are also premises indicating the relationship between the so-called gluten-related diseases and the development and course of mental disorders, including schizophrenia.
The aim of this article is to review the literature on the potential relationship between the consumption of gluten and schizo-phrenia, considering the etiopathogenesis and the role of gluten-free diet in the treatment of schizophrenia.
Methods: There were analysed available research papers in PubMed and Google Scholar with the key words: schizophrenia, glu-ten-related disorders, allergy to grain products, celiac disease, microbiota, immune system, exorphins and time span: 1960-2016 .
Conclusions: Existing research results indicate a possible relationship between diet rich in grain products with high gluten con-tent and the occurrence or exacerbation of schizophrenia symptoms. However, further studies are necessary to: 1) identify groups of patients for whom the consumption of cereal products (gluten) is associated with a particular risk of schizophrenia exacerbation, 2) determine the mechanisms relating the consumption of gluten with the mental state of schizophrenic patients, 3) get the possible benefits of implementing gluten-free diet in patients with schizophrenia.
Streszczenie
Przybywa dowodów na to, iż w patogenezie wielu chorób istotną rolę może odgrywać spożywanie produktów zbożowych zawie-rających gluten. Istnieją także przesłanki wskazujące na związek tzw. chorób glutenozależnych z powstawaniem i przebiegiem zaburzeń psychicznych, w tym schizofrenii.
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przegląd literatury na temat potencjalnego związku pomiędzy spożyciem glutenu a schizofrenią, z uwzględnieniem etiopatogenezy oraz roli diety bezglutenowej w terapii schizofrenii.
Metoda: Analizie poddano dostępne artykuły z bazy PubMed oraz Google Scholar przy użyciu słów–kluczy: schizofrenia, nadwrażliwość na gluten, alergia na produkty zbożowe, celiakia, mikrobiota, układ immunologiczny, egzorfiny oraz deskryptorów czasowych: 1960-2016 rok.
Wnioski: Dotychczasowe wyniki badań wskazują na możliwy związek diety bogatej w produkty zbożowe z dużą zawartością glu-tenu na występowanie lub zaostrzanie objawów schizofrenii. Konieczne są jednak dalsze badania celem: 1) identyfikacji grup pacjen-tów, dla których spożywanie produktów zbożowych (glutenu) wiąże się ze szczególnym ryzykiem pogorszenia przebiegu schizofrenii, 2) ustalenia mechanizmów łączących spożywanie glutenu ze stanem psychicznym pacjentów ze schizofrenią, 3) możliwych korzyści z wdrożenia diety bezglutenowej u pacjentów ze schizofrenią.
Keywords
schizophrenia, gluten, celiac disease, gluten-related disorders, allergy to gluten.
Słowa kluczowe
schizofrenia, gluten, celiakia, nadwrażliwość na gluten, alergia na gluten
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